Chapter 19- The Promise of Enlightenment, 1740-1789 (707-745)

AP FRQ Essays:

• Analyze the economic, technological, and institutional factors responsible for western Europe's domination of world trade from 1650 to 1800.
• Discuss the economic policies and institutions that characterized mercantilist systems from 1600 to 1800. (2005 B)
• Describe and analyze the influence of the Enlightenment on both elite culture and popular culture in the eighteenth century. (2003 B)
• Explain why Europe saw no lasting peace in the period between the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 and the Peace of Paris in 1763. (2003 B)
• Compare and contrast the goals and major policies of Peter the Great of Russia (ruled 1682-1725) with those of Frederick the Great of Prussia (ruled 1740-1786). (2002 B)
• Compare and contrast two theories of government introduced in the period from 1640 to 1780. (2002 B)
• Both Jean-Baptiste Colbert (16 19-1683) and Adam Smith (1723-1790) sought to increase the wealth of their respective countries. How did their recommendations differ? (2002 B)
• Machiavelli suggested that a ruler should behave both "like a lion" and "like a fox." Analyze the policies of TWO of the following European rulers, indicating the degree to which they successfully followed Machiavelli's suggestion. (1999)

Choose two:       

• Elizabeth I of England

• Henry IV of France

• Catherine the Great of Russia

• Frederick II of Prussia

Other Potential Essays:

• Trace and discuss the course of the Scientific Revolution. How did the religious and secular authorities react to this phenomenon?
• Discuss the intellectual changes that took place in Europe during the Enlightenment. What were the primary aspects of this New-World view, how did these views alter from the Middle Ages, and how were these ideas spread?
• Compare and contrast the ideas of Locke, Hobbes, and Rousseau.
• Analyze the military, political and social factors that account for the rise of Prussia between 1640 and 1786.
• Between 1450 and 1800, many women gained power, some as reigning queens, others as regents.  Identify two such powerful women and discuss how issues of gender, such as marriage and reproduction, influenced their ability to obtain and exercise power
• Compare and contrast the goals and major policies of Peter the Great of Russia (ruled 1682-1725) with those of Frederick the Great of Prussia (ruled 1740-1786).
• Compare and contrast two theories of government introduced in the period from 1640 to 1780.
• Compare and contrast the cultural values of the Enlightenment with those of the 16th century Northern Renaissance.
• In what ways did Enlightenment thinkers build on or make use of the ideas of Newton and Locke?
• Compare and contrast the views of Machiavelli and Rousseau on human nature and the relationship between government and the governed.
• Compare and contrast the views of Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau on the nature of man and the best possible form of government.
• Evaluate the effectiveness of the various "enlightened absolutist" regimes of the late 1700s.
• Discuss the ways in which enlightenment thought was a major departure from the traditional European view.
• Analyze the ways in which specific intellectual and scientific developments of the 17th and 18th centuries contributed to the emergence of the religious outlook known as "Deism."
• Describe and analyze the influence of the Enlightenment on both elite culture and popular culture in the 18th century.
• Discuss the combination of social, cultural, political, and economic factors that allowed Great Britain to be the first nation to industrialize
• Analyze the influence of the theory of mercantilism on the foreign and domestic policies of European nations between 1650 and 1775.
• Describe and analyze the economic, cultural, and social changes that led to and sustained Europe's rapid population growth in the period from approximately 1650 to 1800.
• Compare the economic, political, and social conditions in Great Britain and in France during the eighteenth century, showing why they favored the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain more so than in France
• Explain why Europe saw no lasting peace in the period between the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 and the Peace of Paris in 1763.